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1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Organization HCW Biologics Inc. (the “Company”) is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering and developing novel immunotherapies to lengthen health span by disrupting the link between chronic, low-grade inflammation and age-related diseases. The Company believes age-related low-grade chronic inflammation, or “inflammaging,” is a significant contributing factor to several chronic diseases and conditions, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune diseases. The Company is located in Miramar, Florida and was incorporated in the state of Delaware in April 2018. Liquidity and Going ConcernIn accordance with ASC 205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern (“Topic 205-40”), we are required to evaluate whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for at least 12 months from the issuance date of our financial statements. This evaluation does not take into consideration the potential mitigating effect of management’s plans that have not been fully implemented or are not within control of the Company as of the date the financial statements are issued. When substantial doubt exists under this methodology, management evaluates whether the mitigating effect of its plans sufficiently alleviates substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The mitigating effect of management’s plans, however, is only considered if both (1) it is probable that the plans will be effectively implemented within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued, and (2) it is probable that the plans, when implemented, will mitigate the relevant conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the consolidated financial statements are issued. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had not generated any revenue from commercial product sales of its internally-developed immunotherapeutic products for the treatment of cancer and other age-related diseases. In the course of its development activities, the Company has sustained operating losses and expects to continue to incur operating losses for the foreseeable future. Since inception to December 31, 2023, the Company incurred cumulative net losses of $67.8 million. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $3.6 million in cash and cash equivalents, compared to $22.3 million as of December 31, 2022. Management expects to incur additional losses in the future to conduct product research and development and recognizes the need to raise additional capital to fully implement its business plan. As a result of these conditions substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern was raised. To date, we have funded operations primarily through the sale of stock and revenues generated from the Company’s exclusive worldwide license with Wugen, Inc. (“Wugen”), pursuant to which Wugen licensed limited rights to develop, manufacture, and commercialize cell therapy treatments for cancer based on two of the Company’s internally-developed multi-cytokine fusion protein molecules, and its manufacturing and supply arrangement with Wugen. In the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company recognized revenues of $6.7 million and $2.8 million, respectively, generated from the supply of clinical and research grade material to Wugen. Under the Company’s policy for its going concern assessment under Topic 205-40, future receipt of potential funding from partnerships, equity or debt issuances or other transactions is considered probable if a transaction is approved by the Board of Directors and the Company has entered into legally binding agreements. As of March 31, 2024, the Company has closed or entered into binding legal agreements for additional financings of $12.5 million. On February 20, 2024, in a $2.5 million private placement of common stock, the Company sold an aggregate of 1,785,718 shares to certain officers and directors. As of March 31, 2024, the Company entered into an agreement to issue $10.0 million of secured notes (the “Secured Notes”), of which $2.0 million funded prior to the issuance date of the accompanying financial statements. The Secured Notes were sold to certain officers and directors of the Company as well as other investors. Management plans to pursue additional sources of capital. Future financings may be from non-dilutive funding sources such as bank or debt financing, out-licensing rights to technology or markets, cooperative agreements for clinical trials, or other business development transactions, which may include the issuance of additional equity financing and/or third-party collaboration funding. If the Company is not successful in raising additional capital, management has the intent and ability to streamline its business plan and reduce costs. The Company believes that, as a result of these plans, it has sufficient liquidity and probable financing to meet the Company’s funding requirements for at least 12 months from the issuance date of the accompanying financial statements. In implementing a streamlined business plan the Company may be forced to delay, reduce, or eliminate some of its product development programs, efforts to establish manufacturing capacity, headcount and other operating costs, as well as commercialization efforts. Projections are based on assumptions, including the Company’s existing commitments and contingencies, that may prove to be incorrect, and the Company may use available capital sooner than expected. The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the ordinary course of business. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of the uncertainties described above.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies <div style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Basis of Presentation The accompanying audited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”)</div><div style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Use of EstimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Management must apply significant judgment in this process. The Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors and adjusts those estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Actual results could differ from estimates.</div><div style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Cash and Cash EquivalentsCash and cash equivalents consist of demand deposits at financial institutions, money market funds, and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.</div><div style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Fair Value MeasurementsFair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurement (“Topic 820”), establishes a fair value hierarchy for those instruments measured at fair value that distinguishes between fair value measurements based on market data (observable inputs) and those based on the Company’s own assumptions (unobservable inputs). This hierarchy maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;Level 2: Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; andLevel 3: Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require a reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.Fair value measurements are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, which may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. The determination of the fair values, as disclosed in Note 3, takes into account the market for the Company’s financial assets and liabilities, the associated credit risk, and other factors as required. The Company considers active markets as those in which transactions for the assets or liabilities occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.</div> Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties<div style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk primarily consist of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and investments. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are deposited in accounts with financial institutions that management believes are of high credit quality. Such deposits may, at times, exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents.For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized revenues of $2.8 million. All of the Company's revenues were derived from the supply of clinical grade material to Wugen under the supply agreement between Wugen and the Company, as contemplated in the Wugen License. As of December 31, 2023, there was a balance of $1.5 million in accounts receivable related to sales to Wugen on the accompanying audited balance sheet, and the Company believes that collection of these amounts are probable. Since December 24, 2020, the Company holds 2,174,311 shares of Wugen common stock, which were received as consideration for the Wugen License on December 24, 2020. Currently, these shares represent a 5.6% equity ownership interest of Wugen, based on fully diluted, issued and outstanding shares as of December 31, 2023. The Company has not been able to realize any benefit from the sale of these shares, as they are not currently traded on any public market and thus have limited marketability. The Company is highly dependent on a third-party manufacturer to supply drug products for its research and development activities of its programs, including clinical and non-clinical studies. These programs could be adversely affected by a significant interruption in the supply of such drug products. The Company has no off-balance sheet concentrations of credit risk, such as foreign currency exchange contracts, option contracts or other hedging arrangements.</div><div style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Property, Plant and Equipment, NetProperty, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expense is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from 3 to 39 years. Land is not subjected to the recording of depreciation expense because it has an infinite life. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line method over the shorter of the useful life of the leasehold improvement or the term of the lease. Construction-in-progress represents property and buildings under construction and consists of construction expenditures, equipment procurement, and other direct costs attributable to the construction. Construction-in-progress is not depreciated. Upon completion and ready for intended use, construction-in-progress is reclassified to the appropriate category within property, plant and equipment. Upon retirement or sale of the assets, the cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the balance sheet in the period in which the retirement or sale occurred, and the resulting gain or loss is recognized in the statements of operations. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, as follows:<div style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"> <table style="margin-left:auto;border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:100.0%;border-collapse:separate;margin-right:auto;"> <tr style="visibility:collapse;"> <td style="width:49.73%;"></td> <td style="width:2.1%;"></td> <td style="width:46.071%;"></td> <td style="width:2.1%;"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">Estimated Useful Lives</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Building</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> 39 years</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Property</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> 5 - 15 years</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Laboratory equipment</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> 5 years</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Office equipment</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> 3 years</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Furniture and fixtures</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> 7 years</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Leasehold improvements</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> The lesser of the lease term or life of the asset</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> </table></div></div><div style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Impairment of Long-Lived AssetsLong-lived assets are reviewed for indications of possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparison of the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows attributable to these assets. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent an asset group is not recoverable, and the carrying amount exceeds the projected discounted future cash flows arising from these assets. Impairment losses, if any, are recognized in earnings. There were no impairment losses for any of the periods presented.</div><div style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Collaborative ArrangementsWhen the Company enters into collaboration arrangements, it assesses whether the arrangements fall within the scope of FASB issued ASC 808, Collaborative Arrangements, based on whether the arrangements involve joint operating activities and whether both parties have active participation in the arrangement and are exposed to significant risks and rewards. If the payments from the collaboration partner to the Company represent consideration from a customer, such as license fees and contract research and development activities, the Company accounts for those payments within the scope of FASB issued ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). However, if the Company concludes that the payments are not from a customer, for certain activities and associated payments, such as for certain collaborative research, development, manufacturing, and commercial activities, these payments are presented as a reduction of research and development expense or general and administrative expense, based on where the Company presents the underlying expense.</div><div style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Revenue RecognitionThe Company accounts for revenues in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that fall within the scope of Topic 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that it will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services transferred to the customer. At contract inception, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract, determines those that are performance obligations, and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. To date, the Company's revenues have been generated exclusively from the Wugen License, which consists of licenses of intellectual property, cost reimbursements, upfront signing fees, milestone payments and royalties on future licensee’s product sales. In addition, the Company and Wugen have an agreement for the supply of clinical and research grade materials under which the Company also recognized revenues. License Grants: For out-licensing arrangements that include a grant of a license to the Company’s intellectual property, the Company considers whether the license grant is distinct from the other performance obligations included in the arrangement. For licenses that are distinct, the Company recognizes revenues from nonrefundable, upfront payments and other consideration allocated to the license when the license term has begun and the Company has provided all necessary information regarding the underlying intellectual property to the customer, which generally occurs at or near the inception of the arrangement. Milestone and Contingent Payments: At the inception of the arrangement and at each reporting date thereafter, the Company assesses whether it should include any milestone and contingent payments or other forms of variable consideration in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue would not occur upon resolution of the uncertainty, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the probability of achievement of each such milestone and any related constraint and, if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the overall transaction price. Since milestone and contingent payments may become payable to the Company upon the initiation of a clinical study or filing for or receipt of regulatory approval, the Company reviews the relevant facts and circumstances to determine when the Company should update the transaction price, which may occur before the triggering event. When the Company updates the transaction price for milestone and contingent payments, the Company allocates the changes in the total transaction price to each performance obligation in the agreement on the same basis as the initial allocation. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period of adjustment, which may result in recognizing revenue for previously satisfied performance obligations in such period. The Company’s licensees will generally pay milestones payments subsequent to achievement of the triggering event. Materials Supply: The Company provides clinical and research grade materials so that licensees may develop products based on the licensed molecules. The amounts billed are recognized as revenue as the performance obligations are satisfied by the Company, once the Company determines that a contract exists. On June 18, 2021, the Company entered into a master services agreement (“MSA”) with Wugen for the supply of materials for clinical development of licensed products. The terms set forth in the MSA were not sufficient to meet all the requirements for the Company to determine that a contract existed for a transaction. In order for a contract to exist, additional terms for each transaction require the Company to enter into a statement-of-work (“SOW”) for each purchase. Each of these transactions represents a single performance obligation that is satisfied over time. The Company recognizes revenue using an input method based on the costs incurred relative to the total expected cost, which determines the extent of the Company’s progress toward completion. As part of the accounting for these arrangements, the Company must develop estimates and assumptions that require judgement to determine the progress towards completion. The Company reviews its estimate of the progress toward completion based on the best information available to recognize the cumulative progress toward completion as of the end of each reporting period, and makes revisions to such estimates, if facts and circumstances change during each reporting period. Any such revisions are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, noting no material revisions during the year ended December 31, 2023. For each in process SOW, amounts are billed in the same quarter the costs are incurred. On March 14, 2022, the Company entered into SOWs with Wugen for each of the then-current and historical purchases of clinical and research grade materials under the MSA. As a result, the Company determined that all requirements were met to qualify as contracts under Topic 606 for the related transactions covered by these SOWs. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company recognized revenues related to sale of development supply materials to Wugen of $6.7 million and $2.8 million, respectively. Accounts Receivable, Net Accounts receivable is presented in accordance the current expected credit losses (“CECL”) impairment model as required under Topic 326. The Company estimates a reserve for expected credit losses based on existing contractual payment terms, actual payment patterns of its customers, current and future economic and market conditions and individual customer circumstances. As of December 31, 2022 or December 31, 2023, the Company determined that a reserve for expected credit losses was not required. No accounts were written off during the periods presented..</div><div style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Deferred RevenueDeferred revenue represents amounts billed, or in certain cases, yet to be billed to the Company’s customer for which the related revenues have not been recognized because one or more of the revenue recognition criteria have not been met. The current portion of deferred revenue represents the amount to be recognized within one year from the balance sheet date based on the estimated performance period of the underlying performance obligations. In the year ended December 31, 2021, there was a balance of $1.8 million in deferred revenues in the Company's balance sheet, all of which were recognized as revenue in the year ended December 31, 2022. There were no deferred revenue balances as of December 31, 2022 or 2023. </div><div style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Investments The Company holds a minority interest in Wugen. The underlying shares of common stock are not traded on any public market and thus have limited marketability. The Company does not have significant influence over the operating and financial policies of Wugen. As a result, the Company has accounted for this investment using the measurement alternative whereby the investment is recorded at cost less impairment, adjusted for observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same investee. No impairment was recognized during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023. The Company invested net proceeds of its IPO in bills and notes issued by the U.S. Treasury which are classified as trading securities. As of December 31, 2022, the Company held $9.7 million in U.S. Treasury bills included in Short-term investments in the balance sheet included in the audited financial statements. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had no Short-term investments. </div> <div style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Operating Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases right of use (“ROU”) assets are included in Other assets, and operating liabilities are included in Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities, and Other liabilities on the balance sheets included in the audited financial statements. ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. The Company has a lease agreement with lease and non-lease components, which are accounted for separately. For short-term leases with a term of one year or less, the Company uses the practical expedient and does not record an ROU asset for such short-term leases. </div><div style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Research and Development ExpensesResearch and development costs are expensed as incurred and include salaries, benefits, and other operating costs such as outside services, supplies and allocated overhead expenses. The Company may perform research and development for its own proprietary drug candidates and technology development or for certain third parties under collaborative arrangements. For its proprietary drug candidates and its own internal technology development programs, the Company invests its own funds without reimbursement from a third party. Where the Company performs research and development activities under a clinical joint development collaboration, it records the partner’s share of collaboration expenses as a reduction to research and development expense when reimbursement amounts are due under the agreement.The Company records an accrued expense for the estimated costs of its contract manufacturing activities performed by third parties if there is no invoice. The financial terms of these agreements are subject to negotiation, vary from contract to contract and may result in uneven payment flows to vendors. Payments under the contracts include upfront payments and milestone payments, which depend on factors such as the achievement of the completion of certain stages of the manufacturing process. For purposes of recognizing expense, the Company assesses whether the production process is sufficiently defined to be considered the delivery of a good, as evidenced by predictive or contractually required yields in the production process, or the delivery of a service, where processes and yields are developing and less certain. If the Company considers the process to be the delivery of a good, the Company recognizes the expense when the drug product is delivered, or otherwise bears risk of loss. If the Company considers the process to be the delivery of a service, the expense is recognized based on its best estimates of the contract manufacturer’s progress towards completion of the stages in the contracts. The Company recognizes and amortizes upfront payments and accrues for liabilities based on the specific terms of each arrangement. Arrangements may provide upfront payments for certain stages of the arrangement and milestone payments for the completion of certain stages, and, accordingly, may result in advance payments for services that have not been completed or goods not delivered and liabilities for stages where the contract manufacturer is entitled to a milestone payment.Advance payments for goods or services that will be used or rendered for future research and development activities are capitalized as prepaid expenses and recognized as expense as the related goods are delivered or the related services are performed. The Company bases its estimates on the best information available at the time. However, additional information may become available to the Company which may allow it to make a more accurate estimate in future periods. In this event, the Company may be required to record adjustments to research and development expenses in future periods when the actual level of activity becomes more certain. Such increases or decreases in cost are generally considered to be changes in estimates and will be reflected in research and development expenses in the period identified.</div><div style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Patent CostsCosts related to filing and pursuing patent applications are recorded as general and administrative expenses in the statement of operations and expensed as incurred, since recoverability of such expenditures is uncertain.</div><div style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Stock-based CompensationThe Company measures its stock-based awards granted to employees and directors based on the estimated fair value of the option on the date of grant (grant date fair value) and recognizes compensation expense over the vesting period. Compensation expense is recorded as either research and development or general and administrative expenses in the statement of operations based on the function to which the related services are provided. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur. The Company has granted options with service-based and performance-based vesting conditions.The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model for the respective grant to determine the grant date fair value. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions. These variables include, but are not limited to, its stock price volatility over the term of the awards and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors. Management will continue to assess the assumptions and methodologies used to calculate the estimated grant date fair value of stock-based compensation. Circumstances may change and additional data may become available over time, which could result in changes to these assumptions and methodologies and materially impact the Company’s grant date fair value determination.For stock option grants with service-based vesting, stock-based compensation expense represents the portion of the grant date fair value of employee stock option grants recognized over the requisite service period of the awards on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures. For options that vest upon the achievement of performance milestones, the Company estimates fair value at the date of grant and compensation expense is recognized using the accelerated attribution method when it is determined that the performance criteria are probable of being met.</div><div style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Debt Issuance CostsDebt issuance costs are presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt and are amortized, using the effective interest method, as interest expense over the contractual life of the related debt. </div><div style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Deferred Offering Costs</div>The Company defers offering costs consisting of legal, accounting and other fees and costs directly attributable to offering costs. For offerings expected to occur within 90 days, the deferred offering costs will be offset against the proceeds received upon the completion of the offering. Deferred offering costs will be recorded under Other noncurrent assets on the balance sheet. In the event an offering is terminated or the timing for completing the offering is uncertain, all of the deferred offering costs will be expensed within the Company’s statement of operations in the period in which the determination is made. In the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company expensed $190,547 of deferred offering costs in connection with its $100.0 million shelf registration statement on Form S-3, including a prospectus for the issuance and sale of up to $15.5 million shares of the Company's common stock through an at-the-market program, which was declared effective by the SEC on August 26, 2022. <div style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Income TaxesThe Company accounts for income taxes using an asset and liability approach in accordance with applicable guidance prescribed by FASB issued ASC 740, Income Taxes (“Topic 740”). Topic 740 requires that the deferred tax consequences of temporary differences between the amounts recorded in the financial statements and the amounts included in the federal and state income tax returns to be recognized in the balance sheet.The Company makes judgments regarding the realizability of its deferred tax assets. The balance sheet carrying value of its deferred tax assets is based on whether the Company believes it is more likely than not that the Company will generate sufficient future taxable income to realize these deferred tax assets after consideration of all available evidence. The Company regularly reviews its deferred tax assets for recoverability considering historical profitability, projected future taxable income, the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences and tax planning strategies. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company considers both positive and negative evidence related to the likelihood of realization of the deferred tax assets. The weight given to the positive and negative evidence is commensurate with the extent to which the evidence may be objectively verified. As such, it is generally difficult for positive evidence regarding projected future taxable income exclusive of reversing taxable temporary differences to outweigh objective negative evidence of recent financial reporting losses. Generally, cumulative loss in recent years is a significant piece of negative evidence that is difficult to overcome in determining that a valuation allowance is not needed.The Company’s tax positions may be subject to income tax audits. The Company recognizes the tax benefit of an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the position is sustainable upon examination by the taxing authority, based on the technical merits. The tax benefit recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit which is more likely than not to be realized upon settlement with the taxing authority. The Company recognizes interest accrued and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in its tax provision. The Company evaluates uncertain tax positions on a regular basis. The evaluations are based on a number of factors, including changes in facts and circumstances, changes in tax law, correspondence with tax authorities during the course of the audit, and effective settlement of audit issues. The provision for income taxes includes the effects of any accruals that the Company believes are appropriate, as well as the related net interest and penalties. The Company had no accrual for interest or penalties on its balance sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, and has not recognized interest or penalties in its statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023. </div><div style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Tax Credit ReceivableThe Company may be eligible for research and development credits for its research and development activities, in accordance with Internal Revenue Code (“I.R.C.”) § 41(c). The credits are generally available to offset income tax liabilities. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the outstanding payroll tax receivables is included in Other current assets in the balance sheet.</div><div style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Net Loss Per Share </div>Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, without consideration of potential dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares plus the potential dilutive effects of potential dilutive securities outstanding during the period. Potential dilutive securities are excluded from diluted earnings or loss per share if the effect of such inclusion is anti-dilutive. The Company’s potentially dilutive securities, which include convertible redeemable preferred stock and outstanding stock options under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (“2019 Plan”) and the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (“2021 Plan”), have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as they would be anti-dilutive to the net loss per share. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted shares outstanding due to the Company’s net loss position. <div style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Recently Issued Accounting PronouncementsIn June 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (Topic 326). It requires the use of the current expected credit losses (CECL) impairment model for a broad scope of financial instruments, including financial assets measured at amortized cost (which includes loans, held-to-maturity debt securities and trade receivables), net investments in leases, and certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. The CECL model requires the immediate recognition of estimated expected credit losses over the life of the financial instrument. The estimate of expected credit losses considers not only historical information, but also current and future economic conditions and events. For accounts receivable, the Company estimates a reserve for expected credit losses based on existing contractual payment terms, actual payment patterns of its customers, current and future economic and market conditions and individual customer circumstances. For other asses, the measurement approach used by the Company may be based on the probability-of-default method, under which expected credit losses are determined by multiplying the probability of default (i.e., the probability the asset will default within the given time frame) by the loss given default (the percentage of the asset not expected to be collected because of default). The Company adopted CECL on January 1, 2023 on a prospective basis and it had no impact on the Company’s financial statements.In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (ASU 2023-07) which is intended to improve reportable segment disclosures primarily through enhanced disclosure of reportable segment expenses and requires that a public entity that has a single reportable segment provide all the disclosures required by ASU 2023-07 and all existing segment disclosures in Topic 280. The new guidance is required to be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements and is effective for the Company for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company has one reportable segment and is evaluating the impact of the standard on the Company’s financial statements.In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures which requires significant disclosures about income taxes, primarily focused on the disclosure of income taxes paid and the rate reconciliation table. The new guidance will be applied prospectively and is effective for the Company for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is evaluating the impact of the standard on the Company’s financial statements.</div>

67800000

3600000

22300000

6700000

2800000

12500000

2500000

1785718

10000000

Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and UncertaintiesFinancial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk primarily consist of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and investments. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are deposited in accounts with financial institutions that management believes are of high credit quality. Such deposits may, at times, exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents.For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized revenues of $2.8 million. All of the Company's revenues were derived from the supply of clinical grade material to Wugen under the supply agreement between Wugen and the Company, as contemplated in the Wugen License. As of December 31, 2023, there was a balance of $1.5 million in accounts receivable related to sales to Wugen on the accompanying audited balance sheet, and the Company believes that collection of these amounts are probable. Since December 24, 2020, the Company holds 2,174,311 shares of Wugen common stock, which were received as consideration for the Wugen License on December 24, 2020. Currently, these shares represent a 5.6% equity ownership interest of Wugen, based on fully diluted, issued and outstanding shares as of December 31, 2023. The Company has not been able to realize any benefit from the sale of these shares, as they are not currently traded on any public market and thus have limited marketability. The Company is highly dependent on a third-party manufacturer to supply drug products for its research and development activities of its programs, including clinical and non-clinical studies. These programs could be adversely affected by a significant interruption in the supply of such drug products. The Company has no off-balance sheet concentrations of credit risk, such as foreign currency exchange contracts, option contracts or other hedging arrangements.

2800000

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Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, as follows: <table style="margin-left:auto;border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:100.0%;border-collapse:separate;margin-right:auto;"> <tr style="visibility:collapse;"> <td style="width:49.73%;"></td> <td style="width:2.1%;"></td> <td style="width:46.071%;"></td> <td style="width:2.1%;"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">Estimated Useful Lives</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Building</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> 39 years</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Property</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> 5 - 15 years</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Laboratory equipment</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> 5 years</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Office equipment</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> 3 years</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Furniture and fixtures</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> 7 years</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Leasehold improvements</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> The lesser of the lease term or life of the asset</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> </table>

P39Y

P5Y

P15Y

P5Y

P3Y

P7Y

6700000

2800000

1800000

0 0

9700000

190547

100000000

15500000

2150038

6105570

1767231

2115153

2146637

209405

225369

292045

349976

354276

52414

10443859

13041832

23485025

2237222

3031841

10804610

20453184

10400000

589608

441698

794619

541679

95627

3. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amount of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, U.S. government backed securities with maturity dates up to one year, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, are measured at approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities. Money market funds included in cash and cash equivalents and U.S. government-backed securities are measured at fair value based on quoted prices in active markets, which are considered Level 1 inputs. No transfers between levels occurred during the periods presented. The following table presents the Company’s assets which were measured at fair value at December 31, 2022 and 2023: <div style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"> <table style="margin-left:auto;border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:100.0%;border-collapse:separate;margin-right:auto;"> <tr style="visibility:collapse;"> <td style="width:48.98%;"></td> <td style="width:1.18%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:10.264000000000001%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:1.18%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:8.884%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:1.18%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:8.884%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:1.18%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:10.264000000000001%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="14" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">At December 31, 2022:</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">Level 1</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">Level 2</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">Level 3</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">Total</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:top;">Assets:</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Money market funds</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">19,458,020</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">19,458,020</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Treasury notes</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">9,735,930</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">9,735,930</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:20pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> Total</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">29,193,950</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">29,193,950</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> </tr> </table> <table style="margin-left:auto;border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:100.0%;border-collapse:separate;margin-right:auto;"> <tr style="visibility:collapse;"> <td style="width:48.98%;"></td> <td style="width:1.18%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:10.264000000000001%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:1.18%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:8.884%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:1.18%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:8.884%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:1.18%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:10.264000000000001%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="14" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">At December 31, 2023:</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">Level 1</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">Level 2</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">Level 3</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">Total</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:top;">Assets:</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Money market funds</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">1,626,129</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">1,626,129</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:20pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> Total</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #000000;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">1,626,129</td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #000000;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #000000;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #000000;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">1,626,129</td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> </tr> </table></div>

The following table presents the Company’s assets which were measured at fair value at December 31, 2022 and 2023: <table style="margin-left:auto;border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:100.0%;border-collapse:separate;margin-right:auto;"> <tr style="visibility:collapse;"> <td style="width:48.98%;"></td> <td style="width:1.18%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:10.264000000000001%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:1.18%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:8.884%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:1.18%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:8.884%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:1.18%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:10.264000000000001%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="14" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">At December 31, 2022:</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">Level 1</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">Level 2</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">Level 3</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">Total</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:top;">Assets:</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Money market funds</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">19,458,020</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">19,458,020</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Treasury notes</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">9,735,930</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">9,735,930</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:20pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> Total</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">29,193,950</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">29,193,950</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> </tr> </table> <table style="margin-left:auto;border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:100.0%;border-collapse:separate;margin-right:auto;"> <tr style="visibility:collapse;"> <td style="width:48.98%;"></td> <td style="width:1.18%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:10.264000000000001%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:1.18%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:8.884%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:1.18%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:8.884%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:1.18%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:10.264000000000001%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="14" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">At December 31, 2023:</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">Level 1</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">Level 2</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">Level 3</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">Total</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:top;">Assets:</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Money market funds</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">1,626,129</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">1,626,129</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:20pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> Total</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #000000;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">1,626,129</td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #000000;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #000000;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #000000;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">1,626,129</td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> </tr> </table>

19458020

9735930

29193950

1626129

1600000

1700000

416000

277500

524000

134000

178000

2600000

392000

105000

1100000

262000

365000

160000

119000

28500

68500

6500000

An interest-only period is one year followed by 48 months of equal payments of principal and interest

2027-08-15

0.0575

119398

6300000

P12M

The table below shows the amount of maturities for each of the five years following the date of the latest balance sheet: <table style="margin-left:auto;border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:63.0%;border-collapse:separate;margin-right:auto;"> <tr style="visibility:collapse;"> <td style="width:44.34%;"></td> <td style="width:3.88%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:49.78%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-align:left;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;">Maturities per Year</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:5pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">2024</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;">119,398</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cceeff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:5pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">2025</td> <td style="text-indent:5pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;">127,623</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:5pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">2026</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;">135,266</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cceeff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:5pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">2027</td> <td style="text-indent:5pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">6,079,440</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:15pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Total Debt</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">6,461,727</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> </tr> </table>

119398

127623

135266

6079440

6461727

10000000

The following table summarizes the computation of the basic and diluted net loss per share: <table style="margin-left:auto;border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:76.0%;border-collapse:separate;margin-right:auto;"> <tr style="visibility:collapse;"> <td style="width:55.229%;"></td> <td style="width:2.14%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:17.177%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:2.14%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:17.177%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:2.14%;"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-align:left;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;">Years Ended December 31,</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-align:left;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;">2022</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;">2023</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:top;">Numerator:</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Net loss</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(14,900,703</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(24,994,277</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:top;">Denominator:</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Weighted-average common shares outstanding</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">35,822,249</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">35,929,446</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Net loss per share, basic and diluted</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">(0.42</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">(0.70</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> </table>

-14900703

-24994277

35822249

35929446

-0.42

-0.7

The following table summarizes the outstanding potentially dilutive securities that have been excluded in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive: <table style="margin-left:auto;border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:77.0%;border-collapse:separate;margin-right:auto;"> <tr style="visibility:collapse;"> <td style="width:54.182%;"></td> <td style="width:1.291%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:19.606%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:1.291%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:19.632%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">At December 31,</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">2022</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">2023</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Common stock options</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">1,867,458</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">1,779,338</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Potentially dilutive securities</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">1,867,458</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">1,779,338</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> </tr> </table>

1867458

1779338

1867458

1779338

10. Stock-based CompensationOn June 21, 2021, the 2021 Plan was adopted by the Company’s board of directors and approved by the Company’s stockholders. As of the adoption date, the 2019 Plan was terminated. No terms were changed for grants previously awarded under the 2019 Plan, and the Company concluded a modification did not occur. Under the 2019 Plan, the Company primarily granted employees incentive stock options, which had a maximum term of ten years from the date of the grant. Generally, the incentive stock options granted under the 2019 Plan have a four-year, service-based vesting period. All of the options granted under the 2019 Plan had an exercise price equal to the fair value of a share of common stock on the date of the grant, according to Company policy. The 2021 Plan permits the grant of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and stock bonus awards. The 2021 Plan initially reserved 3,444,343 shares of Common Stock, including the transfer of remaining shares reserved under the 2019 Plan. In addition, the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2021 Plan will increase automatically on the first day of each fiscal year beginning with the 2022 fiscal year.Under the 2021 Plan, the term of each stock option must be stated in the stock award agreement. In the case of an incentive stock option, the term will be ten years from the date of grant, or such shorter term as may be provided in the stock award agreement. Moreover, in the case of an incentive stock option granted to a participant who owns stock representing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of our stock or the stock of any of our affiliates, the term of the incentive stock option will be five years from the date of grant or such shorter term as may be provided in the stock award agreement. Under the 2021 Plan, the Company continues to have a policy to grant options with an exercise price equal to the fair value of a share of common stock, as determined by the closing price on NASDAQ on the grant date. <div style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">The following summarizes the Company’s stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023: <table style="margin-left:auto;border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:100.0%;border-collapse:separate;margin-right:auto;"> <tr style="visibility:collapse;"> <td style="width:50.1%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:9.66%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:1.22%;"></td> <td style="width:11.2%;"></td> <td style="width:1.22%;"></td> <td style="width:11.2%;"></td> <td style="width:1.22%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:9.18%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-align:left;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;">Shares</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;">Weighted</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;">Weighted Average</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-align:left;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;">Issuable</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;">Average</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;">Remaining</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">Aggregate</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-align:left;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;">under</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;">Exercise</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;">Contract</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">Intrinsic</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-align:left;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;">Options</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;">Price</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;">Term</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;">Value</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Outstanding at December 31, 2021</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">1,770,739</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">2.96</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">9.0 years</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">1,124,215</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Granted</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">237,364</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">2.33</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Exercised</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(108,176</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">0.15</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Forfeited or cancelled</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(31,441</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">0.41</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Expired</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">(1,028</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">0.21</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Outstanding at December 31, 2022</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">1,867,458</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">3.11</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">8.5 years</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">671,878</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Exercisable at December 31, 2022</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">473,686</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">3.06</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">8.3 years</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">198,258</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Outstanding at December 31, 2022</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">1,867,458</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">3.11</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">8.5 years</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">671,878</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Granted</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">91,000</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">1.88</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Exercised</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(148,664</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">0.16</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Forfeited or cancelled</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(26,342</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">1.86</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Expired</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">(4,114</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">3.40</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Outstanding at December 31, 2023</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">1,779,338</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">3.31</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">7.7 years</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">238,210</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Exercisable at December 31, 2023</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">942,998</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">3.07</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">7.6 years</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">173,385</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> </table></div>The exercise price of the underlying stock options and the fair value of the Company’s common stock for stock options as of the reporting date. The intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 was $231,301 and $202,917, respectively. The weighted-average fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 was $1.71 and $1.42 per share, respectively. For stock option grants with service-based vesting, stock-based compensation expense represents the portion of the grant date fair value of employee stock option grants recognized over the requisite service period of the awards on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures. For options that vest upon the achievement of performance milestones, the Company estimates fair value at the date of grant and compensation expense is recognized using the accelerated attribution method when it is determined that the performance criteria are probable of being met.In determining the grant date fair value of the stock-based awards, the Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and assumptions discussed below. Each of these inputs is subjective and its determination generally requires significant judgment.Fair Value of Common Stock—Since the completion of our initial public offering on July 19, 2021, the fair value of each share of common stock underlying stock option grants is based the quoted market price on the primary stock exchange on which our common stock is traded on the day the stock award or option is granted.Expected term—The expected term of stock options is determined using the “simplified” method, whereby the expected life equals the arithmetic average of the vesting term and the original contractual term of the option due to the Company’s lack of sufficient historical data. Expected volatility—The expected volatility was derived from the historical stock volatilities of comparable peer public companies within our industry. Risk-free interest rate—The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury Bond in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected term.Dividend yield—The expected dividend yield is 0% because the Company has not historically paid, and does not expect, for the foreseeable future, to pay a dividend on its common stock.<div style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, the fair value of employee and director stock option awards was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: <table style="margin-left:auto;border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:100.0%;border-collapse:separate;margin-right:auto;"> <tr style="visibility:collapse;"> <td style="width:48.52%;"></td> <td style="width:2.54%;"></td> <td style="width:23.2%;"></td> <td style="width:2.54%;"></td> <td style="width:23.2%;"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-align:left;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;">Years Ended December 31,</td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-align:left;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;">2022</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;">2023</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:top;">Expected term (years)</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">5.73</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">5.71</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:top;">Expected volatility</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">88.05%</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">89.90%</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:top;">Risk-free interest rate</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">3.29%</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">3.99%</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:top;">Dividend yield</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">—</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">—</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:top;">Fair value underlying common stock</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">$1.71</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">$1.42</td> </tr> </table></div>For the year ended December 31, 2022, for options with service-based vesting conditions, the Company recognized $62,473 of employee stock-based compensation expense in research and development expenses and $1,057,718 of employee stock-based compensation in general and administrative expenses in the statement of operations included in the audited financial statements. For the year ended December 31, 2023, for options with service-based vesting conditions, the Company recognized $65,941 of employee stock-based compensation expense in research and development expenses and $937,808 of employee stock-based compensation in general and administrative expenses in the statement of operations included in the audited financial statements. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had an aggregate of $1.8 million of unrecognized employee stock-based compensation cost for options with service-based vesting, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average vesting period of 1.62 years.

P10Y

P4Y

3444343

P10Y

0.10

The following summarizes the Company’s stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023: <table style="margin-left:auto;border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:100.0%;border-collapse:separate;margin-right:auto;"> <tr style="visibility:collapse;"> <td style="width:50.1%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:9.66%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:1.22%;"></td> <td style="width:11.2%;"></td> <td style="width:1.22%;"></td> <td style="width:11.2%;"></td> <td style="width:1.22%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:9.18%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-align:left;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;">Shares</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;">Weighted</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;">Weighted Average</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-align:left;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;">Issuable</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;">Average</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;">Remaining</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">Aggregate</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-align:left;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;">under</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;">Exercise</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;">Contract</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">Intrinsic</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-align:left;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;">Options</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;">Price</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;">Term</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;">Value</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Outstanding at December 31, 2021</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">1,770,739</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">2.96</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">9.0 years</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">1,124,215</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Granted</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">237,364</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">2.33</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Exercised</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(108,176</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">0.15</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Forfeited or cancelled</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(31,441</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">0.41</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Expired</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">(1,028</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">0.21</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Outstanding at December 31, 2022</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">1,867,458</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">3.11</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">8.5 years</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">671,878</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Exercisable at December 31, 2022</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">473,686</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">3.06</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">8.3 years</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">198,258</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Outstanding at December 31, 2022</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">1,867,458</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">3.11</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">8.5 years</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">671,878</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Granted</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">91,000</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">1.88</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Exercised</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(148,664</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">0.16</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Forfeited or cancelled</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(26,342</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">1.86</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Expired</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">(4,114</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">3.40</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Outstanding at December 31, 2023</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">1,779,338</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">3.31</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">7.7 years</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">238,210</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Exercisable at December 31, 2023</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">942,998</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">3.07</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">7.6 years</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">173,385</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> </table>

1770739

2.96

P9Y

1124215

237364

2.33

108176

0.15

31441

0.41

1028

0.21

1867458

3.11

P8Y6M

671878

473686

3.06

P8Y3M18D

198258

1867458

3.11

P8Y6M

671878

91000

1.88

148664

0.16

26342

1.86

4114

3.4

1779338

3.31

P7Y8M12D

238210

942998

3.07

P7Y7M6D

173385

231301

202917

1.71

1.42

P5Y8M23D

P5Y8M15D

0.8805

0.899

0.0329

0.0399

1.71

1.42

62473

1057718

65941

937808

1800000

P1Y7M13D

171215

184214

13. Income TaxesThe Company did not have a provision for income taxes (current or deferred tax expense) for tax years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023.<div style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">The following table summarizes the differences between the statutory federal income tax rate and the Company's effective income tax rate (percent data): <table style="margin-left:auto;border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:100.0%;border-collapse:separate;margin-right:auto;"> <tr style="visibility:collapse;"> <td style="width:45.011%;"></td> <td style="width:1.38%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:10.498000000000001%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:10.618%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:1.38%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:10.498000000000001%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:10.618%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;">Rate Reconciliation</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">2022</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">2023</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Net Loss Before Taxes</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">(14,900,703</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">(24,994,277</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Benefit at statutory rate</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(3,129,148</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">21.00</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">%</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(5,248,798</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">21.00</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">%</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">State tax benefit net of federal benefit</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(655,142</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">4.40</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">%</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(1,027,320</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">4.11</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">%</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Permanent book/tax differences</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">64,106</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(0.43</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">%)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">31,046</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(0.12</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">%)</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Other adjustments</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">8,545</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(0.06</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">%)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">0.00</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">%</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">R&D credit carryforward</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(512,967</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">3.44</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">%</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(540,777</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">2.16</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">%</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Change in valuation allowance</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">4,224,606</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(28.35</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">%)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">6,785,849</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(27.15</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">%)</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Income tax expense/(benefit)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #000000;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">0.00</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">%</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #000000;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="border-top:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">0.00</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">%</td> </tr> </table> </div><div style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2022 and 2023 are presented below: <table style="border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:100.0%;border-collapse:separate;"> <tr style="visibility:collapse;"> <td style="width:66.993%;"></td> <td style="width:1.62%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:12.883000000000001%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:1.62%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:12.883000000000001%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">2022</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">2023</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Deferred tax assets:</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Federal net operating loss carryforward</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">6,569,874</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">8,403,928</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">State net operating loss carryforward</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">1,411,041</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">1,738,257</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Capitalized section 174 R&D expenses</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">2,121,015</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">3,872,297</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Reserve for credit losses</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">-</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">1,330,613</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">R&D credit</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">720,165</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">1,260,942</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Accrued expenses</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">151,255</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">123,408</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Capitalized legal fees for patents</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">177,405</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">1,235,488</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Stock-based compensation</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">341,038</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">566,396</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Charitable contributions</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">65</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">65</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Unrealized gain/loss</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">59,314</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">ROA asset</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">530</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">106</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Depreciable assets</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">47,037</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Total deferred tax assets</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">11,598,739</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">18,531,500</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Deferred tax Liabilities:</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Unrealized gain/loss</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(5,238</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">)</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Depreciable assets</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(127,474</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">)</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Deferred revenue/costs</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">(14,202</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;">)</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Total deferred tax liability</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(146,914</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">)</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Net deferred tax asset</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">11,598,739</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">18,384,586</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Less: valuation allowance</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">(11,598,739</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">(18,384,586</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;">)</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Net deferred tax asset (after valuation allowance)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> </tr> </table> </div>A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the deferred tax asset if, based on the weight of the evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. As of December 31, 2023, after consideration of all the evidence, both positive and negative, management has determined that a valuation allowance of $18.4 million is necessary to reduce the deferred tax asset to the amount that will more likely than not be realized. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the valuation allowance increased by $6.8 million. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company had available federal NOL carryforwards of $31.3 million and $40.0 million, respectively. The Company also has available state NOLs carryforwards of approximately $32.5 million and $40.0 million, as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. The federal and state NOLs will carryforward indefinitely. The Federal NOLs are available to offset 80% of taxable income. In addition, the Company had federal research and development credits carryforwards of $720,165 and $1.3 million, as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively, to reduce future federal income taxes, if any. These carryforwards expire from 2038 through 2043 and are subject to review and possible adjustment. Under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the Code), substantial changes in the Company’s ownership may limit the amount of net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards that could be used annually in the future to offset taxable income. A formal Section 382 study has not been completed to determine if an ownership change has occurred and if its net operating losses are subject to an annual limitation. Such annual limitations could affect the utilization of NOL and tax credit carryforwards in the future. Effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2021, Section 174 requires that research and experimental expenses (“R&E”) be capitalized and amortized. The amortization period is five years for domestic expenses and 15 years for foreign expenses. Since the Company has a significant amount of expenses that fall under the definition of R&E expenses, the change can materially affect the Company's tax provision. During the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company analyzed its expenses and determined that expenses of $9.2 million and $9.8 million, respectively, fell within the definition of Section 174. Accordingly, these expenditures were capitalized and amortized for tax purposes. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company had $864,179 and $2.6 million, respectively, of amortization expense related to Section 174 capitalized R&E costs.The Company’s tax returns remain subject to examination by tax authorities beginning with the tax year ended December 31, 2020. However, due to NOLs and credits carried forward from prior tax years, substantially all tax years may also be subject to examination. The Company recognizes the tax benefit of an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the position is sustainable upon review by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits. The Company recognizes interest accrued and penalties for unrecognized tax benefits in its tax provision. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company had not recognized any expense related to uncertain tax position in its statement of operations.

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6785849

-0.2715

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2022 and 2023 are presented below: <table style="border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:100.0%;border-collapse:separate;"> <tr style="visibility:collapse;"> <td style="width:66.993%;"></td> <td style="width:1.62%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:12.883000000000001%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:1.62%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:12.883000000000001%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">2022</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:left;">2023</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Deferred tax assets:</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Federal net operating loss carryforward</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">6,569,874</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">8,403,928</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">State net operating loss carryforward</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">1,411,041</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">1,738,257</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Capitalized section 174 R&D expenses</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">2,121,015</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">3,872,297</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Reserve for credit losses</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">-</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">1,330,613</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">R&D credit</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">720,165</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">1,260,942</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Accrued expenses</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">151,255</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">123,408</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Capitalized legal fees for patents</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">177,405</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">1,235,488</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Stock-based compensation</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">341,038</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">566,396</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;">Charitable contributions</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">65</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">65</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Unrealized gain/loss</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">59,314</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">ROA asset</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">530</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">106</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Depreciable assets</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">47,037</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Total deferred tax assets</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">11,598,739</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">18,531,500</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Deferred tax Liabilities:</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Unrealized gain/loss</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(5,238</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">)</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Depreciable assets</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(127,474</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">)</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Deferred revenue/costs</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">(14,202</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;">)</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Total deferred tax liability</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">(146,914</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">)</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Net deferred tax asset</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">11,598,739</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">18,384,586</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cff0fc;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Less: valuation allowance</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">(11,598,739</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;">)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">(18,384,586</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;">)</td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Net deferred tax asset (after valuation allowance)</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:center;">—</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2.25pt double #ffffff03;"> </td> </tr> </table>

6569874 8403928

1411041

1738257

2121015

3872297

1330613

720165

1260942

151255

123408

177405

1235488

341038

566396

65 65 59314 0 530 106 47037 0

11598739

18531500

0 5238 0 127474 0 14202

146914

11598739 18384586

11598739

18384586

18400000

6800000

31300000

40000000

32500000

40000000

0.80

720165

1300000

2038 through 2043 P5Y P15Y 9200000 9800000 864179 2600000

12250

P2Y

2024-02-29

0.06

169651

Supplemental cash flow information related to lease for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 was as follows: <table style="margin-left:auto;border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:71.0%;border-collapse:separate;margin-right:auto;"> <tr style="visibility:collapse;"> <td style="width:77.837%;"></td> <td style="width:1.569%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:18.594%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-align:left;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;">For the Year Ended December 31, 2023</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="background-color:#cceeff;text-indent:5pt;vertical-align:middle;">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:</td> <td style="background-color:#cff0fc;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="background-color:#cff0fc;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:15pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Operating cash flows</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">171,822</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="background-color:#cceeff;text-indent:5pt;vertical-align:middle;">Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:</td> <td style="background-color:#cff0fc;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#cff0fc;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="background-color:#cff0fc;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:15pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Operating lease</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;">162,535</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> </tr> </table>

171822

162535

As of December 31, 2023, the supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows: <table style="margin-left:auto;border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:70.0%;border-collapse:separate;margin-right:auto;"> <tr style="visibility:collapse;"> <td style="width:79.704%;"></td> <td style="width:1.94%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> <td style="width:16.357%;"></td> <td style="width:1%;"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:8pt;background-color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-align:left;"> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;">As of December 31, 2023</td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="background-color:#cceeff;text-indent:5pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Operating lease right-of-use assets</td> <td style="background-color:#cff0fc;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="background-color:#cff0fc;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;">$</td> <td style="background-color:#cff0fc;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">28,061</td> <td style="background-color:#cff0fc;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#ffffff;word-break:break-word;"> <td style="text-indent:5pt;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;">Operating lease liabilities, current</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;">$</td> <td style="white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;text-align:center;">28,061</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #ffffff03;"> </td> </tr> </table>

28061

28693

187600

169700

86000

88800

1200000

6900000 5300000 5300000 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50

274823000

2500000

1.4

1785718

10000000

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